PATERNITY TESTS

In a maternity test, the child, alleged mother, and biological father are tested. The father’s participation in the maternity test helps to exclude half of the child’s DNA, leaving the rest for comparison with the alleged mother. If the father is not available, we can perform a fatherless test, which involves additional analysis, without additional charge. A sample collection process fee which includes sample collection, appointment coordination, and shipping costs is charged for each paternity test case and a sample collections fee extra is charged for additional children or additional alleged fathers. (Note: New York Notice: Due to regulations by the New York State Department of Health, we cannot offer home testing to residents of New York.

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GRANDPARENTAGE  TEST

A grandparentage DNA test determines whether a couple could be the biological grandparents of a child.
It is an indirect way to determine family relationships when an alleged father is not available for a paternity test.
Grandparentage test results may be used as proof in Social Security benefit and other inheritance claims as well as in some immigration cases.
In the test, the child’s DNA profile is compared with the DNA profiles of the alleged father’s biological parents. Since a child inherits half of his/her DNA from the mother (maternal side) and half from the father (paternal side), the paternal half should match DNA passed down from the alleged grandparents. The mother’s participation is encouraged to expedite analysis; motherless grandparentage tests are more costly and take longer to complete because of the extended analysis required.
For a free consultation or to order a test, please email or call 1-800-447-5606. One of our caring, knowledgeable case managers will review the information you provide and guide you through the testing process
 

GRANDPARENTAGE   TESTING	Time	Parentage Test Fee
Grand parentage with mother:  When the alleged father is not available but the father's biological parents are. Testing for 1 child, 1 mother, and 2 alleged paternal grandparents.	9 working days	$695.00
Grand parentage without mother:  Testing for 1 child, and 2 alleged paternal grandparents.	9 working days	$895.00

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In the test, the child’s DNA profile is compared with the DNA profiles of at least two of the alleged father’s close relatives. A close relative may be a full sibling or a biological parent. Each individual’s DNA profile is unique, but close relatives will share a significant portion of their DNA profiles because of the hereditary nature of DNA. Due to the complex analysis required, the mother’s participation is required in a genetic reconstruction case.

For a free consultation or to order a test, please email us or call us. One of our caring, knowledgeable case managers will review the information you provide and guide you through the testing process.

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A siblingship test is a DNA test conducted to determine if two children share one or both parents (i.e., if they are half or full siblings). It is an indirect way to determine family relationships when an alleged father is not available for a paternity test. Results of a siblingship test may be used as proof in Social Security benefit and other inheritance claims.

A siblingship test starts with the analysis of known relatives:
Sibling 1 and Sibling 2 do not share the same mother and they want to find out if they share the same biological father—in this situation, a half siblingship test is performed.
Sibling 1 and Sibling 2 share the same biological mother but are unsure if they share the same biological father—in this situation, a full siblingship test is performed.
In the test, the siblings’ DNA profiles are compared to see how much of their DNA could have come from a common father. Participation of the mother(s) is encouraged to help exclude the mother’s contribution to the children’s DNA. Siblingship tests require more analysis, and they could be more costly and take a longer time to complete without the mother’s participation.
 

SIBLINGSHIP TESTING	Time	Parentage Test Fee	Collection Fee	How To Order
Full Siblingship: Testing on two or more persons who have the same mother to determine if they are full or half brothers/sisters. Mother must be included.	14 working days	Please Inquire	$ 50	Order Now
Half Siblingship: Testing on two or more persons who have different mother.  Mother of each child can be included-no fee -	14 working days	Please Inquire	$ 50	Order Now

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TWIN  ZYGOSITY  TEST

A twin zygosity test is a DNA test that definitively shows whether twins are identical or fraternal.
When twins are born, the physician usually is able to tell whether twins are identical or fraternal by examining the placenta. Identical twins usually share a placenta, while fraternal twins are usually in two different placentas.
However, sometimes records can be lost, the placentas might have been discarded or damaged before twin zygosity was determined, or doubt may arise because of the twins’ physical characteristics. In such cases, only a DNA test will be able to reveal the truth. A twin zygosity test compares the twins’ DNA profiles to see whether they match—an exact match proves that the twins are identical.
The results of a twin zygosity test may be used to satisfy personal curiosity as well as to help solve health problems for the twins later down the road. For example, in the event that a twin needs an organ or tissue transplant donor, the identical twin is a perfect choice.
                                             Identical vs. Fraternal Twins
Identical twins come from one fertilized egg, called a zygote. The zygote, which usually develops into one child, grows and splits early in development to form two embryos—identical twins. Because the twins come from one egg and one sperm, they have exactly the same DNA.
Fraternal twins, on the other hand, develop when there are two different eggs in the mother’s womb that are fertilized by two different sperms. Fraternal twins will not have exactly the same DNA, although like other siblings, they can be expected to share some of the DNA they inherit from both parents.

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Y-STR   PATERNAL  LINEAGE  TEST

The Y-STR paternal lineage test is used to determine whether two or more males are related through their fathers (through the paternal/male line). This test is often used to provide additional evidence in difficult paternity cases in which the alleged father is not available for testing. Results of this testing may also be used to confirm the biological relatives of an adoptee.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son relatively unchanged through many generations. The Y-STR test examines specific locations on the Y chromosome to generate a Y-STR profile for each male tested. Males who are related through their fathers will tend to have the same or similar Y-STR profiles, and males who are not related will likely have different Y-STR profiles Although Y-STR analysis cannot distinguish between males who belong to the same paternal line, it is useful for excluding males from an alleged biological relationship. For example, if a male child and his alleged uncle (alleged father’s full brother) are tested, their Y-STR profiles must match. If they do not, then the alleged uncle is excluded (not considered a biological uncle) and the alleged father is probably not the biological father.

Y-STR  TESTING	Time	Parentage Test Fee	Collection Fee	How To Order
Testing for 2 or more alleged male relatives	9 working days	$195 per person	$35 per person	Order Now

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Mitochondrial DNA is composed of a string of DNA molecules in a particular order, or sequence. In the mtDNA test, a short segment of the mtDNA is sequenced (the order of DNA molecules is determined) and the mtDNA sequences from each individual are compared to see if they could come from the same maternal line. Everyone from the same maternal line will have similar mtDNA sequences.

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DNA  BANKING

Our DNA banking service provides organizations and private individuals with the peace of mind that comes from knowing that their DNA samples are stored in a safe and highly secured environment. Banked DNA may be used for future DNA tests, for example:
 

• To protect against illegitimate claims on an individual’s estate
   
• To assist with the identification of missing persons or give clues about the trail of a missing      loved one
   
• To provide a standard for comparison and identification of people in high-risk professions, such as men and women in the military, law enforcement personnel, firefighters, and overseas contractors
   
• To identify inherited traits, such as genetic diseases and other physical characteristics

Stored DNA provides a genetic history that will become vitally important as the genomic puzzle is completed. DNA from an elderly parent could one day provide clues about inherited diseases and other genetic issues. Some day very soon, this type of family tree knowledge could prove lifesaving.

Our services are completely confidential. We only release information on banked DNA to persons you authorize.
There are two service options available:
 

• Banking only, or
   

• Banking with DNA Profiling
  
  Banking Only Service Details
  We will store your DNA sample in our safe, secure facility for 15 years. A banking certificate, stating the storage period and the names of persons you authorize to retrieve or use your samples, will be provided.
  We will set up a DNA collection appointment at a hospital or laboratory near you. Samples need to be collected in compliance with the Chain of Custody documentation process. This ensures that the results of any future DNA testing on the stored DNA are acceptable to courts and other government agencies.
  The DNA banking fee is $185. This fee includes sample collection, verification of DNA presence in the sample, and storage for 15 years.
  
  Banking with DNA Profiling
  Our DNA banking and profiling service allows individuals to store their DNA sample at a safe, secure facility and obtain a record of their genetic profile. We run a DNA test on the samples using markers for 16 loci, including the 13 CODIS loci that are recognized worldwide as standards for human identity testing.
  You will receive two certificates when you choose the Banking with DNA Profiling option: one reporting your allele sizes (your genetic profile) and a banking certificate stating the storage period and the name of persons you authorize to retrieve and/or use the DNA samples. Samples are collected using the Chain of Custody process.

 

DNA   PROFILING  TEST

Our DNA profiling service allows individuals to obtain a record of their genetic profile—a unique combination of 16 markers found in their DNA that serves as a permanent genetic ID. Individuals choose to obtain DNA profiles for themselves and their children in case identification is ever needed. A DNA profile may be used in the following:
Future paternity tests in case of claims on an individual’s estate
To help solve cases in which children run away or are abducted
In the test, the individual’s DNA is extracted and purified. The DNA is then combined with 16 different DNA primers that target specific locations (loci) in the DNA molecule for amplification. The DNA segments at these loci are called markers, because they serve as identifying marks for individuals.
The DNA-primer mix goes through heating and cooling cycles to amplify the markers in a molecular xeroxing process known as the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Once the markers are amplified, they are detected by sensitive instrumentation, which determines the marker sizes at each DNA locus tested.

 Each DNA locus is comprised by two alleles, or copies, of the marker—one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father. Thus, the DNA profile report, also called a DNA typing report, will typically list two marker sizes for each locus. The combination of sizes for the 16 markers represents a DNA profile that is unique for that individual (see example below for 3 markers).

Locus Allele Sizes 1 D8S1179 13, 14 2 THO1  7, 9.3 3 CSF1PO  10, 11

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